The Harp Herald

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How Harp Strings are Numbered

by | Oct 18, 2024 | Uncategorized | 0 comments

Concert grand harp stringing diagram

When servicing harps for our customers, one thing we see more often than we’d like is a string that is either way too thick or way too thin for its position on the instrument. In most cases, the string is the right letter, say a “C”, but in the wrong octave. For instance, I might find a third octave F in the second octave, or a third octave B in the fourth octave. This doesn’t do the harp’s sound any favors. A string that is an octave too thin sounds twangy and buzzy. A string an octave too thick is much harder to play than its neighbors, and it will likely break before long.

While I have occasionally seen strings packaged incorrectly, most often this type of mistake is made by the harpist (or harp parent) who put the string on, and this is a very understandable mistake. Pedal harp strings have a unique numbering system, one that runs in the opposite direction from the most well-known numbering system, that used on the piano.

Both systems use the note name and an octave number. On a piano, the lowest C note is called C1. The C an octave above it is C2, and so on. Middle C is C4. There are three notes on a piano below C1, and those are said to be in the “Zero” octave, A0 A#0, and B0. The highest note on a standard size piano is C8.

On the harp, the octaves run in the opposite direction. The first octave is the highest, and the octave numbers go up as the pitches go down. Instead of C, each octave starts at E. The highest E string on a pedal harp is the first octave E. The first octave runs down to F, and the next E is the second octave E. If there are notes above first octave E, they are in the Zero octave.

semi grand pedal harp stringing diagram

On a pedal harp, the highest complete octave is referred to as the first octave.

The zero octave is likely the source of much of the confusion about harp string numbers. On a full size pedal harp, the highest F or G is not the first octave but the zero. If you don’t know this and assume highest F is the first octave F, you will be off by an octave on any string you try to name.

When discussing harp strings, it is customary to refer to the octave number before the note. We say “first octave E”, or 1E, for instance, not E1. This is to avoid confusion with the piano system, which names the note first. As I said earlier, the octave numbers run in the opposite direction. 1E on a harp is a very high note. E1 on the piano is a very low note.

No matter how you try to explain it, the harp string numbering system can be confusing, especially since different harps have different ranges and start and end on different notes. We at Moss Harp Service find visual aids helpful, which is why we’ve created charts for the most common models of pedal harp and made them available on our website.

When it comes to lever harps, there are two different systems in common use. Lever harps that are made by companies which also produce pedal harps, i.e. Lyon & Healy, Salvi, and Camac, generally use the pedal harp numbering system for their lever harps as well. But many other harp makers use a different system, in which octave numbers are not used at all, and strings are simply counted from the top. In this system, the highest note is number one plus whatever the note name is. If it’s a C, the note is 1C. The note below is 2B, then 3A, and so on. On a 36 string harp that starts and ends on C, the lowest note is 36C. This system is flexible in terms of the wide variety of ranges folk and Celtic harps have. String one is string one, whether it’s a C, B, A, or any other note. But the downside is the number system is tied directly to the harp model. There is no naming convention like that used with pedal harps. Your string #1 might be a C, while mine might be an A. Each string on our harps will be named differently.
excerpt from Rees Harps string chart

String chart excerpt from a Rees Aberdeen Meadows Concert Line Harp, Reesharps.com

A note about those lever harps that do use pedal harp string names: depending on size, part of the first octave may be missing. 34 string harps such as the Lyon & Healy Ogden go up to first octave A. 36 string Troubadours go up to first C. I mentioned earlier that the highest complete octave on a pedal harp is the first, and strings above it are in the zero octave. On some lever harps, the highest complete octave is the second, not the first. More confusion, especially considering that many people own smaller harps when they are new to the harp. For this reason, we’ve also created string charts for common lever harp models, and you can find those here.

On a smaller lever harp, the highest complete octave may be the second, not the first.

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